In the spring of 2006, we were working with a collection of passionate individuals across Microsoft Corporation on the topic of grassroots culture change. How would we inspire individuals to act - both independently and collectively - in ways that would coalesce into a movement for organizational change? For those that experienced our work directly, the “Ad Astra” (Analysis and development of Awesome Strategies) project equated to increasingly positive personal and team transformations. However, we found it difficult to explain to business leaders exactly what we were doing, and why it was important for the organization. As Human Resources and Organizational Development professionals know, the broader impacts of organizational change are difficult to measure over short timeframes. The impact that can be captured in the short term tends to be more qualitative in nature and often dismissed as “non-tangible evidence”.
Jon Pincus, author of Tales from the Net and then the General Manager of Windows Live Services Strategy, proposed that we host a collaborative offsite with our partner creative agencies The Cramer Institute, The Concept Farm, and EASCI Applied to create a team narrative that would communicate both the evolution and value of the project in humanistic terms. In the process, we discovered a new workshop for organizational change leadership.
With The Cramer Institute, we crafted an agenda for the day that drew heavily from the work of Joseph Campbell. Joseph Campbell was a writer and professor best known for his work on comparative mythology. In several seminal works on mythology and the human psyche, he described the archetypal heroic cycle as “the one great story of [hu]mankind”, or the hero’s journey. We are all familiar with the hero’s journey story. We have read it in our favorite childhood books, and we have seen it played out in the cinema many times over. Since the publication of Campbell’s work, many other authors have applied this theory consciously - George Lucas, for example, credits Campbell for his influence on the Star Wars stories. We employed the construct of the heroic journey as a guide through the experience of leading change within the context of a corporate organizational structure. From our own experience, and that of our participants, we realized that we had stumbled upon a fantastic tool for driving organizational change.
In Star Wars:
Luke Skywalker feels that nothing exciting ever happens on the remote planet of Tatooine, though he longs for adventure. He is called to join in the quest when he discovers a plea for help hidden by Princess Leia in the droid R2-D2. Luke leaves his ordinary world behind and begins an adventure with an uncertain future with Obi-Wan Kenobi as his guide.
In business:
While corporate life may seem mundane in comparison to Star Wars, our own experiences as change leaders can be, at turns, deeply frustrating and highly elating. These heroic adventure stories have appeal exactly because they reflect universal concerns. They are a great key to life and may be used as a tool for dealing more effectively with our workplace organizations. The heroic journey invites individuals and teams to explore their own unique potential to lead change and to be changed in the process. Using this metaphor, we create and explore rich collective narratives that serve as a guide for what to expect in the change management process and a basis for describing what is needed to navigate challenges and be successful. We collaboratively define our vision for change and move toward them in a more unified way. Rather than dismissing obstacles such as resistance and fear, The Journey acknowledges these as part of our innate human experience and enables us to move through them with newfound courage and conviction.
By acknowledging the human side of our experiences, we discover ways to be more connected and feel more supported and appreciated in our work. Prospective change leaders often comment that they “bring less than their whole selves to work.” Feelings, preferences, passions, and personal experiences are simply being left out of the workplace narrative. With the heroic adventure, we bring aspects of what make us uniquely creative, passionate, and committed back into the workplace narrative. When we reconnect with our personal assets and values, we become more deeply inspired and committed.
The heroic journey metaphor also enables us to heal a wound currently found within many corporate cultures - the “lone hero syndrome.” This element of corporate culture exaggerates the idea that a hero is engaged in a solo effort and/or is super-human in nature and creates a rift with individuals and managers who value a more collaborative, team-oriented workplace culture. What is good that should be retained in the heroic adventure is the personal passion, courage, and conviction required to see change leadership through. What needs more emphasis is how we construct and care for our “crew”, how we form and maintain alliances, and how it is with humility that the hero himself is first transformed before they can share their newfound wisdom with others.
The holistic narrative we create - comprised of both highlights and setbacks, allies and obstacles - invokes the courage and commitment to act and to make specific requests of others to join with us and take action as well. The narrative first fuels our own inspiration, and then enables us also to share our story in ways that inspire others to join in the adventure!
The elements of the narrative – “substance, sizzle, and soul”(1)
In general, we spend the majority of our time thinking about and preparing the substance of our communications. While it is absolutely important to know and communicate all of the important facts of any change effort, factual content is only worth 7% of our ability to have impact. In other words, the substance will only comprise 7% of our ability to influence what people remember and believe about what we say.
The remaining 93% comes from the sizzle and soul. That is why it is so necessary to include them. People comprehend and remember our mission when we provide stories and other elements with vivid sensory detail AND when they can see clearly why our message is so important to us personally. Our credibility and authority comes from our ability to speak with substance, sizzle, and soul.
Substance - WHAT we say (e.g., facts, ideas, formulas, directions, strategies, etc.)
Sizzle - HOW we engage people (e.g., tone, pauses, volume, resonance, interaction); HOW we craft what we say (e.g., stories, metaphors, analogies)
Soul - WHO we are (e.g., your passions, desires, aspirations, and values) and WHY our message is important to us.
The elements of the journey
Change leadership begins with both creativity and a vivid, detailed vision for how to succeed. With the Heroic Journey, participants are invited to imagine, dream, experience, and change the way they see themselves as change leaders. We embody the change we wish to see in our organizations and in the world at large. (2)
- The call to adventure: We recognize our change effort as representing a new and less familiar world. We will be called to reach beyond our current set of skills, networks, and tools to achieve our goals. There are strategic views, layers of influence, and operators we were previously unaware of. At the same time, our resolve is building. Our vision is becoming more clear and the call to act on it more and more persistent. Will we answer the call?
- Initial resistance: We are initially reluctant to take up the cause. We know it will be difficult and we are already experiencing resistance from others as well.
- Crossing the threshold: At some point, our desire to see our vision become reality surpasses our reluctance. This moment of resolve signifies the threshold crossing. The questioning ceases and we commit to the journey.
- The testing: We must engage and succeed in a series of tests as we champion our cause. We must discover assets in our self, others, and each situation we encounter in order to create and maintain momentum.
- The nadir/satori moment: We reach the moment that tests our abilities to their limits. Only by facing the ultimate challenge may we be transformed ourselves and gain the wisdom to effect organizational and societal change.
- The return home: When we see the adventure through, we discover our unique sources of power, influence, and impact. Regardless of the success or failure of any one particular change effort, we return from the journey with newfound insights, a cadre of newfound allies, and the personal inspiration to begin again.
Applying what we’ve learned to innovation
In our soon-to-be-released book,The Ideator’s Journey: A Guidebook for Innovators, we applied this same metaphor to leaders of innovation. Successful innovation represents a specific contextual application, but draws upon the same grounding in change leadership. While “innovation” is often regarded as synonymous with “invention” or “creativity”, we propose that invention is only the beginning of the journey, then the real work begins. Ideas must be tested and refined. Others must be convinced of the value of the idea, and eventually, the idea may be fully implemented. In short, innovation begins with creativity but does not end there. In addition to being inventors, innovators must also be successful change leaders.
In our innovation consulting and coaching work over the last two years, we have successfully employed the use of the hero’s journey metaphor as a guidebook for ideators: the individuals who hear the call of a creative idea but have no roadmap for how to develop and advance it, or even who to start talking to. We recognized the largely unmet needs of individuals with little or no formalized authority and status, but who nonetheless has a tremendous amount to offer their organizations. It was our work with these grassroots innovators and change agents that led to our (re)discovery that the most constructive and validating models are the mythic adventures that stretch from antiquity to the present (The Odyssey, Gulliver’s Travels, Star Wars, The Matrix!)
A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself. - Joseph Campbell
As we seek to transform our organizations, we first open ourselves to profound transformation. By changing the lens we use to describe our change effort, we cease to engage in the stories that end in burn out and disillusionment and focus instead on how change leadership generates energy and meaning in our lives.
- The explanation of “substance, sizzle, and soul” is adapted from Change the Way You See Yourself, Kathy Cramer and Hank Wasiak 2008)
- Mahatma Gandhi is credited with saying “Be the change you want to see in the world.”